O
Outline
Introduction
o
Islam as a religion and
Muslims as a community
o
Denominational, ethnic and
cultural differences within Islamic community
o
Differences with
Christianity
§
The authority
o
Historical context and
background
·
Related teachings
o
Qur’an:
§
(Obligation of Justice) Indeed,
God enjoins justice and kindness and generosity towards relatives, and He
forbids indecency, wrong, and aggression. (16:90)
§
Say, "My Lord has
enjoined justice," (7:29)
§ He [God] has prescribed for you the religion which He had enjoined upon Noah and which We have [also] revealed to you, and which We had enjoined upon Abraham, Moses and Jesus, declaring, "Maintain the religion, and do not be divided in it." … So summon to this [unity of religion], and be steadfast, just as you have been commanded, and do not follow their desires, and say, "I believe in whatever Book Allah has sent down. I have been commanded to do justice among you. Allah is our Lord and your Lord. Our deeds belong to us and your deeds belong to you. There is no argument between us and you. Allah will bring us together and toward Him is the destination.” (42:13-15)
§ (ٍEquality among followers of divine religions) Say, "O People of the Book!(=Christians, Jews and followers of other divine scriptures) Come to a word common between us and you: that we will worship no one but God, and that we will not ascribe any partner to Him, and that we will not take each other as lords instead of God." But if they turn away, say, "Be witnesses that we are Muslims." (3:64)
§ (Kindness with disbelievers) God does not forbid you in regard to those [disbelievers] who did not make war against you on account of religion and did not expel you from your homes, that you deal with them with kindness and justice. Indeed God loves the just. God forbids you only in regard to those who made war against you on account of religion and expelled you from your homes and supported [others] in your expulsion, that you make friends with them, and whoever makes friends with them it is they who are the wrongdoers. (60:8-9)
§ (Justice, the ultimate goal of all divine prophets) Certainly We sent Our apostles with manifest proofs, and We sent down with them the Book and the Balance, so that mankind may maintain justice. (57:25)
§
(Base desire deviates one
from justice) O David! indeed, We have made you a vicegerent on the earth. So
judge between people with justice, and do not follow desire, or it will lead
you astray from the way of God. (38:26)
§
(Support for the
underprivileged) Charities are only for the poor and the needy, and those
employed to collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and for the
freedom of the slaves and the debtors, and in the way of Allah, and for the traveler
(who has been left with no means to get back home) This is an ordinance from
Allah, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise. (9:60)
§
(Gender and ethnic
equality) O mankind! Indeed We created you from a male and a female, and made
you nations and tribes that you may identify yourselves with one another.
Indeed the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most God wary among you.
Indeed Allah is all-knowing, all-aware. (49:13)
§ (Gender and ethnic relations) And of His signs is that He created for you mates from your own selves that you may take comfort in them, and He ordained affection and mercy between you. There are indeed signs in that for a people who reflect. Among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the difference of your languages and colors. There are indeed signs in that for those who know. (30:21-22)
§
(Human rights) That is why
We decreed for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul, without [its
being guilty of] manslaughter or corruption on the earth, is as though he had
killed all mankind, and whoever saves a life is as though he had saved all
mankind. Our apostles certainly brought them manifest signs, yet even after
that many of them commit excesses on the earth. (32:5)
o Other Quotations and Teachings:
§
"people are two groups, either your brother in faith or equal in creation." (Nahj al-balagha letter 53)
o
In the legal system
§
Justice of the witness
§
In polygamous marriages:
·
If you fear that you may
not deal justly with the orphans, then marry [other] women that you like, two,
three, or four. But if you fear that you may not treat them fairly, then marry
only one. (4:3)
·
You will not be able to be
fair between wives, even if you are eager to do so. Yet do not turn away from
one altogether, leaving her as if in a suspense. (4:129)
·
Slavery
o
Slavery in the ancient
world
o
Freeing slaves in Islam
o
Atlantic slavery and Indian
ocean slavery
· Gender and Family
Criminal Law and Penal Code
Webpages
Articles
Social Justice in Islam and Human Rights by: BILAL AHMAD BHAT
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